相 柳

Lollipop:

今晚无心写文，来点考据休息。

王尔德写道林格雷的画像简直是使了浑身解数，思想意识铺得满满当当。早两年试着读，死活读不下去，年纪一大倒懂得沉淀了，笑~

里面从香水开始，到乐器到宝石到织品到各色藏书，基本就是华丽版百科全书精炼，文字太漂亮了，由此可见王尔德对美之鉴赏说好听点是深刻全面，说难听点就是变态。

不美的我才不看呢~--完全能想象到他似笑非笑的轻蔑表情。

里面描述性文字过多，相当费脑，但是叙事部分格外风流蕴藉，深入浅出，大约隔三差五的就来个金句，摘抄都不及。

废话不多说，来点粗浅的乐器考据。黑体为翻译+原文，

在这里他常常举办古里古怪的音乐会，疯狂的吉卜赛人从小小的齐特拉琴上撕出狂野的音乐；

he used to give curious concerts in which mad gypsies tore wild music from little zithers,

　　

奥地利的齐特拉琴（Zither）是一种平置弹奏的弦鸣乐器，它的琴身木制，为椭圆型，上有45根金属弦，其中的5根是用于演奏旋律的主奏弦， 其余40根则用于伴奏。主奏弦下面有品，演奏时右手用拨子拨弦，左手用手指按弦发出不同音高的声音。埙和齐特拉琴多用于独奏。

戴着黄色头巾表情严肃的突尼斯人，在一把巨大的诗琴上拉扯着紧绷的弦；

or grave yellow-shawled Tunisians plucked at the strained strings of monstrous lutes,

注：此处应为翻译错误，诗琴是另一种了，应是鲁特琴。

鲁特琴也称琉特琴，是一种曲颈拨弦乐器。一般这个词主要指中世纪到巴洛克时期在欧洲使用的一类古乐器的总称，在这个时期深受人们的喜爱。

欧洲鲁特琴上可以演奏和弦、旋律、跑句、各式各样的装饰音，甚至对位乐曲；它是用作伴奏歌唱的独奏乐器，也可用于重奏中，技艺娴熟的演奏者可以奏出多姿多采的效果。只不过较难弹奏。

咧着嘴笑的黑人单调地击打着铜鼓；

while grinning negroes beat monotonously upon copper drums,

*注：此处找不到copper drum具体形态，推测是北越南或中国的，故两种都写上。

铜鼓形状像圆鼓，有各式图案，有的铜鼓上还有蟾蜍图案(越人崇拜蛙)。铜鼓的直径有大到2.3米，小的有0.7米。至今中国出土的铜鼓有一千五百多个。在东南亚各地(老挝)也发现二百多个铜鼓。

Đông Sơn drums (also called Heger Type I drums) are bronze drums fabricated by the Đông Sơn culture in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. The drums were produced from about 600 BCE or earlier until the third century CE and are one of the culture's finest examples of metalworking.

　　

戴着头巾身材瘦小的印度人，蹲在大红垫子上，吹着长长的芦笛和铜管，用魔法对巨大的眼镜蛇和吓人的长角小蝰蛇催眠，或是假装催眠。

or turbaned Indians, crouching upon scarlet mats, blew through long pipes of reed or brass, and charmed, or feigned to charm, great hooded snakes and horrible horned adders.

Brass

Reed

簧片是一片置于乐器吹口或通气口中具弹性的片状物，它的一端被固定在吹口或通气口上，另一端可上下活动，随着气流振动或弹奏而发声，一些乐器的簧片中会使用尼龙线或绵线为缠绕物。材料包括木、芦苇、铜等。

铜管乐器是一种利用气流振动嘴唇发音，借由吹嘴协助，导入乐器共鸣发声的乐器。也被称为“labrosones”，字面的意思就是“嘴唇振动的乐器”。铜管乐器改变音高有两种方式：一、压放按键或推拉滑管，来改变管身的长度，二、吹奏者改变嘴唇振动的发声频率。

他的藏品有里奥内格罗印地安人神秘的”朱鲁帕里斯"，这种乐器妇女是不允许看的，连年轻人也只能在戒斋或受鞭笞后瞧上一眼。

He had the mysterious juruparis of the Rio Negro Indians, that women are not allowed to look at, and that even youths may not see till they have been subjected to fasting and scourging,

注：这段网上解释基本就是王尔德的原文扩充，笑~

Indians in the vicinity of the Orinoco. It somewhat resembles the juruparis, a mysterious instrument of the Indians on the Rio Haupe's, a tributary of the Rio Negro, south America. The jiiruparis is regarded as an object of great veneration. Women are never permitted to see it. So stringent is this law that any woman obtaining a sight of it is put to deathusually by poison. No youths are allowed to see it until they have been subjected to a series of initiatory fastings and scourgings. The jiiruparis is usually kept hidden in the bed of some stream, deep in the forest; and no one dares to drink out of that sanctified stream, or to bathe in its water. At feasts the juruparis is brought out during the night, and is blown outside the houses of entertainment. The inner portion of the instrument consists of a tube made of slips of the Paxiaba palm (Triartea exorrhiza). When the Indians are about to use the instrument they nearly close the upper end of the tube with clay, and also tie above the oblong square hole (shown in the engraving) a portion of the leaf of the Uaruma, one of the arrow-root family.

还有能发出鸟儿尖叫声似的秘鲁泥罐；

and the earthen jars of the Peruvians that have the shrill

cries of birds,

注：这个在现代无足为奇，不只有秘鲁，印度、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡看起来都有。没得啥解释，还有个称呼是Matki。

有阿方索 德奥瓦里在智利听到过的人骨笛子；

and flutes of human bones such as Alfouso de Ovalle

heard in Chili,

注：网传的多是Tibet所产，智利产估计还带着点旧时代距离所造成的神秘美。找到藏骨笛的注释，干脆贴一下。

Kangling (Tibetan: རྐང་གླིང།, Wylie: rkang-gling), literally translated as "leg" (kang) "flute" (ling), is the Tibetan name for a trumpet or horn made out of a human femur, used in Tibetan Buddhism for various chöd rituals as well as funerals performed by a chöpa.

有在库斯科附近发现的有声碧玉，能奏出甜美无比的调子。

and the sonorous green stones that are found near Cuzco and give forth a note of singular sweetness.

注：这个估计是依据王尔德的创作，联系库斯科的石头墙，所谓能奏出甜美调子的green stone仿佛带有点童话色彩。

库斯科的石墙--

库斯科产的绿玉耳钉--

他还藏有绘了图案的葫芦，里面装了石头，摇动起来咯咯有声；

He had painted gourds filled with pebbles that rattled when they were shaken;

注：猜测是Shekere，产地非洲，现在据说多装玻璃珠，跟现在卡拉OK馆里炒气氛的乐器差不多。

The shekere is an instrument from West Africa consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the gourd. Throughout the continent there are similar gourd/bead or gourd/seed percussion instruments. Some are the lilolo, axatse (Ghana), djabara (Guinea), ushàkà, chequere and saa saa (Liberia). It is predominantly called shekere in Nigeria.

-2017年1月1日更新-

有墨西哥人的长号”克拉令"，演奏起来不是往里吹，而是朝外吸；

the long clarin of the Mexicans, into which the performer does not blow, but through which he inhales the air;

注：clarin现在较难查到，基本释义如下：

a very long trumpetlike wind instrument used by the indigenous peoples in Mexico

说是一种非常长的类似喇叭的乐器，不过配的图片却是斯洛伐克的一种乐器。之后又找到如下介绍：

The reed pipes may be vertical and housed in the case (trompeta real), or they may be horizontal, protruding from the front of the case (clarín or bajoncillo)

猜测clarin和bajoncillo是一个意思， 不过clarin现在较为少用了。

有亚马孙部落刺耳的号子”特克"，是由整天坐在大树上的哨兵吹的，据说九英里之外也能听见；

the harsh turé of the Amazon tribes, that is sounded by the sentinels who sit all day long in trees, and that can be heard, it is said, at a distance of three leagues;

注：这个实在太~~难找了，网上估计没有更为专业全面的资料，只能用amazon tribes instrument找，基本都只有如下这种长号了（但是看描述又说声音很low，估计另还有别种type，声音尖刺的号子且是树上的哨兵用的，估计应该较为短小。）

有一种叫”特庞那斯德利"的乐器，装有两个振动的木制簧片，演奏时用涂了黏胶的木棒敲击，那种黏胶取自植物乳白色的汁水；

the teponaztli, that has two vibrating tongues of wood, and is beaten with sticks that are smeared with an elastic gum obtained from the milky juice of plants; 

注：Wiki注释如下：

A teponaztli [tepoˈnast͡ɬi] is a type of slit drum used in central Mexico by the Aztecs and related cultures.Teponaztli are made of hollow hardwood logs, often fire-hardened. Like most slit drums, teponaztlis have two slits on their topside, cut into the shape of an "H". The resultant strips or tongues are then struck with rubber-head wood mallets, or with deer antlers.Since the tongues are of different lengths, or carved into different thicknesses, the teponaztli produces 2 different pitches, usually near a third or fourth apart.

简单来说是墨西哥中部阿兹特克人特有乐器，硬木造，特耐火，属于开口木鼓的一种。

有一种阿兹台克人的铃”龙特尔"，像葡萄那样成串挂着；

the yotl-bells of the Aztecs, that are hung in clusters

like grapes;

注：这个也资料稀缺，不过好在用Aztec找到了类似文字描述的图片，可惜没有视频音频，很想听听是什么声音。

有一个用巨蟒皮包裹的圆筒形大鼓，贝尔纳尔 迪亚斯同科尔特斯一起进入墨西哥神庙时曾经见过，他还为我们极其生动地描绘了那悲凉的鼓声。　

and a huge cylindrical drum, covered with the skins of great serpents, like the one that Bernal Diaz saw when he went with Cortes102 into the Mexican temple, and of whose doleful sound he has left us so vivid a description.

注：依然是墨西哥，依然很难找，只能凭猜测找到一种和teponaztli在一起的鼓，至于是不是蛇皮就更难说了。

以上，乐器更完。